35 (4), 521–528. Environ. This work is supported by New Technologies for Agriculture Extension grant no. Neira, C., Levin, L. A., Grosholz, E. D. (2005). Spartina alterniflora rapidly spread their populations via both sexual (seed) (Hayasaka et al., 2020) and asexual (clonal) reproduction and then form a high-density single colony (Somers and Grant, 1981; Davis et al., 2004). U.S.A. 99 (4), 2445–2449. Divers. Murakami, T. (2018). Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., Kumar, S. (2013). 17 (1), 431–449. In contrast, only three samples from three colonies were collected in the estuary of the Shirakawa River (N 32° 46′, E 130° 36′) facing the Ariake Sea (northern Kumamoto) because almost all the populations had been eradicated by 2012 to 2015 by drawing out and backhoe dredger (Figure 1). Leaves are 8 to 20 in. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Ann. However, the FIS values of samples from the Umeda River (FIS = 0.01) did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Table 1). 9 (4), 443–455. If you will use chemicals as part of the control process, always refer to the product label. Results of the genetic analysis of Japanese S. alterniflora samples collected using the different markers demonstrated that the number of alleles of S. alterniflora individual stands in each river was less than or equal to 2, except for one sample from the Tsuboi River (Supplementary Table 2). Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. Invasion of the non-indigenous nuisance mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, into water supply facilities in Japan. 14 (8), 2611–2620. doi: 10.1007/s12686-011-9548-7. Invasion risk in a warmer world: modeling range expansion and habitat preferences of three nonnative aquatic invasive plants. 12 (12), 3227–3235. FSTAT (version 2.9.3), a program to estimate and test gene diversity and fixation indices (Lausanne, Switzerland: Lausanne University). Soil pH and salinity were identified as the most important edaphic factors in shaping the fungal community structures in the context of Spartina alterniflora invasion. In addition, no S. alterniflora population was found in Japan before 2008 (Tamaoki and Takizaki, 2015). (2008). For example, Bossdorf et al. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02384.x, Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M. (2010). In addition, each group was practically unmixed with any other group. Hortus Northwest 6, 9–12, 38-40. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01081.x. Austral Ecol. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Ecol. Geographic structure, genetic diversity and source tracking of Spartina alterniflora. Invasive species directly or indirectly reduce the biodiversity of an invaded area. 90 (4), 502–503. The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press). To evaluate the genetic structure in the individuals, analysis with STRUCTURE allocated all individuals to K clusters by Bayesian’s clustering and was conducted to maximize the linkage disequilibrium and Hardy-Weinberg’s disequilibrium. Haplotype C4 has been identified as widespread in the Atlantic coast of the U.S., especially around the Florida Peninsula. Impact Factor 4.402 | CiteScore 7.8More on impact ›, National Tropical Botanical Garden, United States, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Czechia. The sequences of trnT–trnF region from chloroplast DNA were identified from all S. alterniflora individuals sampled in both prefectures and regions: the Umeda River (Aichi), the Shirakawa River and Tsuboi River (northern Kumamoto), and Oono River (southern Kumamoto). Eds. On the other hand, molecular genetic data including population genetic structure and diversity can provide a great deal of information, such as the origin of the targeted species and the route of its propagation, as well as the process of the range expansion, which indirectly contributes to the elucidation of its invasion history (Lowe et al., 2004; Prentis et al., 2009; Hoos et al., 2010; Lombaert et al., 2010). The fruit are flattened and smooth, with pointed tips. Regarding the genetic differences among the individuals, the pairwise co-dominant genotypic distances in each Japanese population were calculated using GenAlEx ver. Haplotype C2, C3, and C4 of Group C consisting of multiple haplotypes are shown in green, yellow, and pink, respectively, and other C members are shown in blue. These results suggest that there is no exchange of S. alterniflora genome among the four rivers in Japan. Rates of change in the numbers of dunlin, Calidris alpina, wintering in British estuaries in relation to the spread of Spartina anglica. Received: 27 April 2020; Accepted: 18 August 2020;Published: 07 September 2020. However, the reason why S. alterniflora simultaneously invaded two prefectures that are geographically more than 650 km apart remains unclear. Mo. (2012). Population genetic software for teaching and research—an update. (B) The assignment of each individual into the clusters using STRUCTURE analysis. The significant excessive homozygosity on Japanese S. alterniflora populations was observed in the infinite allele mutation model (IAM), the stepwise mutation model (SMM), and the two-phased model of mutation (TPM) (P<0.05). species are known to have been deliberately introduced into the bay in the 1970's as part of marsh restoration projects. The Invasive Spartina Project is a coordinated regional effort among local, state and federal organizations dedicated to preserving California's extraordinary coastal biological resources through the elimination of introduced species of Spartina (cordgrass). Mol. The polymorphic locus rate (P) was calculated for each local population. Control and management recommendations vary according to individual circumstances. (2019). 68 (1), 6–9. J. Bot. Agric. We grew both Chinese and US plants in a glasshouse common garden for 3 yr. Chinese … Habitat: Marsh along rivers, dry beach, etc. Chinese mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to the invasive species Spartina alterni-flora (a perennial herb), which is native to North America and was introduced to China in 1979 to accelerate the deposition and stabilization of tidal flats [12]. Therefore, further research on the genetic characteristics of the invasive S. alterniflora should be carried out worldwide for estimating its global spread and future invasion risks.
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