spartina alterniflora habitat

Biological Invasions, 6:221-231. Part 1. Plant zonation in irregularly flooded salt marshes: relative importance of stress tolerance and biological interactions. Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) Description. Thom RM, 1992. Crushing effectiveness was affected by the substrate type, with greatest control achieved on sand and soft silt, and least effective on firm silts or those areas with well established Spartina meadows. Turner M G, 1987. [15194] 3. Hedge P, Kriwoken L K, Patten K, 2003. Management of the S. alterniflora is expensive and time consuming, early prevention of invasion is recommended prior to its establishment. ©Joseph M. DiTomaso/University of California-Davis/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Journal of Ecology (Oxford). In: The Proceedings of the Second International Spartina Conference, Olympia WA, 20-21 March 1997. Expansion rates and recruitment frequency of exotic smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora (Loisel), colonizing unvegetated littoral flats in Willapa Bay, Washington. The invasive species, Spartina alterniflora, created an even more adaptable hybrid with its relative, the bay’s native marsh plant, Spartina foliosa. Panicles 10-40 cm, with 3-25 branches, often partially enclosed in the uppermost sheath; branches 5-15 cm, loosely appressed, not twisted, more or less equally subremote to moderately imbricate throughout the panicle, axes often prolonged beyond the distal spikelets, with 10-30 spikelets. The roles of Spartina species in New Zealand. Sheaths mostly glabrous, throat glabrous or minutely pilose, lower sheaths often wrinkled; ligules 1-2 mm; blades to 60 cm long, 3-25 mm wide, lower blades shorter than those above, usually flat basally, becoming involute distally, abaxial surfaces glabrous, adaxial surfaces glabrous or sparsely pilose, margins usually smooth, sometimes slightly scabrous, apices attenuate. Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass); inflorescence. Limited numbers of trials were available for Fenuron, Paraquat, 2,2-DPA and Diuron. These essential zones also provide critical habitat to shorebirds, fish, and shellfish alike. Hitchcock CL, Cronquist A, Own-Bey M, 1969. Currently, the salt-marshes vegetation in YNNR is as follows from seashore to in - land: S. alterniflora, S. salsa, and P. australis. Spartina alterniflora is Champion, P.D. Harrington J A Jr, Harrington L M B, Berlin C J, 1997. Stage 2. Pattern of invasion in Poole Harbour. 100 no. Ecology. Biological Invasions. Daehler CC, Strong DR, 1994. Flowering phenology and seed production of Spartina anglica. Luiting V T, Cordell J R, Olson A M, Simenstad C A, 1997. Dormant seeds do not survive longer than one year (Woodhouse, 1979). Cordell JR, Simenstad CA, Feist B, Fresh KL, Thom RM, Stouder DJ, Luiting V, 1998. Experimental evidence indicates that invertebrate populations in the sediments of S. alterniflora clones, in Willapa Bay are smaller than populations in surrounding non-vegetated intertidal mudflats (Norman and Patten, 1994). Journal of Ecology (Oxford), 91(6):951-965. 18 (2), 409-417. (-% = increase in densities, +% = reduction in densities), spp. During the first 50 years, the population slowly expanded, but from 1945 to 1988 the plant became established throughout the bay, forming vast meadows (Sayce, 1988). Bortolus, Alejandro., 2008. The impact of ozone on a salt marsh cordgrass (. The species is extremely productive, exporting approximately 1300 g/m2 of detritus annually to the estuarine system (Landin, 1991). Mechanical control interventions against S. alterniflora have been extensively trailed by Dr. Kim Patten on the Willapa Bay populations. In: Mumford TF, Peyton P, Sayce JR, Harbell S, eds. Accretion rates of low intertidal salt marshes in the Pacific Northwest. Report to Washington Dept. Weed Technology. could be investigated further as part of an integrated control programme. S. alterniflora is protogynous (female flowers mature before male flowers) (Bertness and Shumway, 1992). Birmingham, UK: Centre for Evidence- Based Conservation. 2005. Journal of Applied Ecology, 25:95-109. Kilbride K M, Paveglio F L, Grue C E, 1995. Spartina marshes in southern England. American Journal of Botany, 66(6):685-691. Linthurst RA, 1979. element c - no action: efficacy and impacts. However, seedlings generally begin to tiller late in their first session. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society, 17:33-40. Culms to 250 cm tall, (0.3) 5-15(20) mm thick, erect, solitary or in small clumps, succulent, glabrous, having an unpleasant, sulphurous odor when fresh. BASIONYM: Spartina glabra Muhlenberg ex Elliott 1816; Dactylis maritima Walter 1788, non Curtis 1787. 2000. Within its native range, S. alterniflora became highly regarded as an erosion control tool, which led to it being widely introduced to other areas (Simenstad and Thom, 1995). Both seeds and small pieces of rhizomes could be transported via ship ballast. … Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Report for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C. and the National Sea Grant College Program, Connecticut Sea Grant. The introduction of Spartina alterniflora to Washington with oyster culture. Weed Pest Control Conf. Wiggins J, Binney E, 1987. Recommended citation: Global Invasive Species Database (2021) Species profile: Spartina alterniflora. Plants rhizomatous; rhizomes elongate, flaccid, white, scales inflated, not or only slightly imbricate. Control of smooth cordgrass with Rodeo® in a southwestern Washington estuary. Mount Vernon, Washington, USA, 63 pp. Ecology, Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Chambers R M, Mozder T J, Ambrose J C, 1998. UNDATED. Estuaries, 12(1):27-34. Within its native range of the Atlantic and Gulf coastlines of USA, S. alterniflora exhibits two growth forms, at different salt marsh zones. Since the S. alterniflora populations on the West Coast, USA were probably established from a relatively small number of genetic individuals, variability in reproductive output among clones may be due to inbreeding depression (Daehler and Strong, 1994). Pacific Northwest estuaries Army Corps of Engineers, coastal Engineering Research Center Experimental evidence indicates that invertebrate populations the... Sediment retention by salt marsh Reserve Technical Report no Grosso C. 2003 P L, K. 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