She was born around the year 1370 bce, and died in 1330 bce, giving her an age of 60 years. The exact succession cannot be resolved without evidence to more clearly fix Smenkhkare's place in time and role (coregent only or king). Some are even spelled the same. There are no known children, but the young girls named Meritaten-tasherit and Ankhesenpaaten-tasherit are sometimes conjectured to be the daughters of Meritaten and Smenkhare. (This woman is thought to be Kiya by some Egyptologist, but this is by no means certain.) It changed Egypt's religion from a polytheistic religion to a henotheistic religion. There is no word of her after that date. He says: Nicholas Reeves concludes from this Year 3 inscription by Pawah in Pairi's tomb below: Therefore, Neferneferuaten might have been the Amarna-era ruler who first reached an accommodation with the Amun priests and reinstated the cult of Amun—rather than Tutankhamun as previously thought—since her own mortuary temple was located in Thebes—the religious capital of the Amun priesthood and Amun priests were now working within it, however, Egypt's political administration was still situated at Amarna rather than Thebes under Neferneferuaten's reign. Early Aten cartouches on king's arm and chest. Comparative Approaches. [83], This development implies that either Neferneferuaten was deposed in a struggle for power, possibly deprived of a royal burial—and buried as a queen—or that she was buried with a different set of king's funerary equipment—possibly Akhenaten's own funerary equipment—by Tutankhamun's officials since Tutankhamun succeeded her as king.[84]. Let us study Reeves’ arguments: 1. Merit-Aten would have had no such need, nor would she need to adopt pharaonic airs such as a double cartouche simply to act on behalf of her husband. Meketaten’s approximate year of birth is in or before year 4 of Akhenaten. The recently discovered inscription for Nefertiti as queen in Regnal Year 16, if verified, seems to make clear she was still alive and still queen. Manetho's Epitome, a summary of his work, describes the late Eighteenth Dynasty succession as "Amenophis for 30 years 10 months",[6] who seems likely to be Amenhotep III. The result is that 3,300 years later, scholars would have to piece together events and even resurrect the players bit by bit with the evidence sometimes limited to palimpsest. Flinders Petrie discovered seven limestone fragments of a private stele in 1891, now in the. Ankhkheperure-mery-Neferkheperure/-Waenre/-Aten Neferneferuaten was a name used to refer to either Meritaten or, more likely, Nefertiti. Based on the Pairi inscription dated to her Third Regnal Year, it appears she enjoyed a sole reign. [40] As it is, the scene seems to be another of the royal family including at least Meritaten. The jar also seems to indicate a coregency, but may be a case of one king associating himself with a predecessor. English: Tutankhamun named Tutankhaten early in his life, was Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (1334 BC/1333 BC - 1323 BC), during the period known as the New Kingdom. As Dodson writes: Marc Gabolde is perhaps the most outspoken and steadfast advocate of Meritaten as King Neferneferuaten. Tamouz - Pa year 8 and 9 of her father's reign. Neferneferuaten's successor seems to have denied her a king's burial and, later, in the reign of Horemheb, the entire Amarna period began to be regarded as anathema and the reigns of the Amarna period pharaohs from Akhenaten to Ay were expunged from history as these kings' total regnal years were assigned to Horemheb. (7 December 2012 – 13 April 2013) Petersberg, pp.195-197, Christian Bayer, "Ein Gott für Aegypten - Nofretete, Echnaton und der Sonnenkult von Amarna" Epoc, 04-2012. Then "his son Orus for 36 years 5 months", this is often seen as a corruption of the name Horemheb with the entire Amarna period attributed to him, but others see Orus as Akhenaten. As the adjacent image shows, the differences in the feminine and standard forms are minimal: an extra feminine 't' glyph either in the name or epithet (or both as in #94) that can be lost over time or simply misread especially on smaller items. (re: coregency stela UC 410 + Carter box 1k) Sole monarch by this name in Pairi graffito TT139 gives her year 3 of rule (incl. [70] For the plot to succeed, it assumes the young Meritaten with her co-conspirators successfully deceived Suppiluliuma and his envoys (for there was a royal male - Tutankhamun - though not actually her son) and that the plot remained secret during the period of letter writing and Zannanza's travel to Egypt. How to say Neferneferuaten in English? Dodson concludes that Nefertiti was the mother of Tutankhaten, so after Akhenaten dies she continues as regent/coregent to Tutankhaten. Lehazrim - “To cause flowing” / To transfer large quantities of liquid or info - להזרים . [50] The inscription would argue against a coregency of more than about a year—if any exists at all—since the inscription attests to Nefertiti's position as Akhenaten's queen just before the start of Akhenaten's final year. Theories include sudden death by a plague that was sweeping through the city or another natural death. Nefertiti then follows Smenkhkare as coregent for a time, using the name Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten. She is shown on the walls of the royal tomb mourning the death of her elder sister Meketaten accompanied by Meritaten and Ankhesenpaaten, so was presumably still alive at this time, which was around year 14. [3], One of the earliest depictions of Neferneferuaten Tasherit is on a mural from the King’s House in Amarna. Each of the leading candidates have their own proponents among Egyptologists, whose work can be consulted for more information and many more details for a given candidate. [Katalog zur Ausstellung Berlin, 7 December 2012 – 13 April 2013]. - pp.12-19, Athena van der Perre, The Year 16 graffito of Akhenaten in Dayr Abū Ḥinnis. His paper on "The Amarna Succession" is his first theory as to identity of King Neferneferuaten, having previously cited Nefertiti or Meritaten as the probable or possible identity depending on the state of the evidence. The floor of the royal tomb intended for her, although apparently not used, shows signs of cuts being started for the final placement of her coffin. Neferneferuaten Tasherit: Year 6 (1344 BC), possibly later became Pharaoh Nefernferuaten. [30][39][62] Since much of her funeral equipment was used in Tutankhamen's burial, it seems fairly certain she was denied a pharaonic burial by her successor. Other items include the stone sarcophagus, mummy wrappings, royal figurines; canopic items (chest, coffinettes, and jar stoppers), various bracelets and even shabti figures. She died before she reached the age of six, and was most likely the first of Akhenaten's children to die. And marries her to marry for she has no sons exact nature of the ( natural ) gas -... Exact nature of the persons buried in chamber α in the cartouche of Nefertiti-Neferneferuaten sole reign seems very likely given... 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